Not + any and no
We use «not + any» to build up negative sentences.
There aren’t any children in the playground.
There isn’t any ice cream in the tub.
The Parsons haven’t got any children.
However, we can use «no + noun» instead, especially after have (got) and there is / are. Remember that the verb in this case is positive.
There are no children in the playground.
There is no ice cream in the tub.
The Parsons have got no children.
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negative verb + any |
positive verb + no |
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I haven’t got any friends in this city. |
I’ve got no friends in this city. |
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There isn’t any information about the missing people. |
There is no information about the missing people. |
No and None
We use no + noun (no cars / no money etc.)
I’ve got no money. I can’t afford a vacation.
The car park is empty. There are no cars.
We use none alone (without a noun).
How much money have you got? – None. (=no money)
How many cars are there in the car park? – None. (=no cars)
None and no-one
We use none meaning «zero». None is an answer for How much? / How many? (things or people).
How much money have you got? – None. (=no money)
How many cars are there in the car park? – None. (=no cars)
No-one means nobody. It’s an answer for Who?
Who did you meet on your way home? – No-one. (or Nobody).
Not + anybody / anyone / anything and nobody / no-one / nothing
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not + anybody / anyone nobody / no-one (for people) |
not + anything nothing (for things) |
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There isn’t anybody / anyone in the office. |
There isn’t anything in the waste-paper basket. |
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There is nobody / no-one in the office. |
There is nothing in the waste-paper basket. |
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Who is in the office? – Nobody. / No-one. |
What’s in the waste-paper basket? – Nothing. |
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anybody=anyone nobody=no-one (-body and –one are the same) |
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We use not + anybody / anyone with a negative verb.
There wasn’t anybody on the bus.
We use not + anything with a negative verb.
We didn’t find anything.
We use nobody (=not + anybody) or no-one (=not + anyone) with a positive verb.
There was nobody on the bus.
The office is empty. There is no-one in it.
We use nothing (=not + anything) with a positive verb.
We found nothing.
We can use nobody / no-one / nothing at the beginning of a sentence or alone (to answer a question).
The house is empty. Nobody lives here.
Who did you talk to about the problem? – No-one.
Nothing changed.
What did they tell you? – Nothing.
Упражнения
Beginner
Упражнения на Both, neither, all, none
Elementary
Упражнения на неопределенные местоимения
Pre-intermediate
Упражнения на неопределенные местоимения
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